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Barley Proteomic Studies Related to Beer Production
Benkovská, Dagmar ; Márová, Ivana (oponent) ; Ehrenbergerová, Jaroslava (oponent) ; Zdráhal, Zbyněk (oponent) ; Bobáľová, Janette (vedoucí práce)
This work is focused on barley proteomic studies in relation to the beer production. Barley belongs between the most important crops in the world and its greatest use is for malting purposes, most commonly for the brewing industry. Studies of barley proteins during malting and brewing provide information about changes in protein composition or their post translational modifications. Since the protein composition and their modifications are essential for the quality of malt and beer, barley proteomic studies have a potential to improve the malting and brewing process. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate barley water-soluble proteins and their changes that occur during the malting and brewing process. The differences in protein composition were investigated using gel electrophoresis, reversed phase and size exclusion liquid chromatography, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The amount of some proteins is increasing and some new proteins are created in the germinated grain during the malting process. Contrary, many proteins are decomposed during the brewing process due to the high temperature and enzymatic activity of some proteases. Only some proteins belonging to the family of pathogenesis related proteins resist these harsh conditions and pass into the beer where they can influence several important quality properties. Furthermore, various barley varieties and their differences were investigated. Varieties allowed for the production of certified Czech beer were compared to one variety with well proven malting properties and one non-malting barley variety. In addition, alcohol soluble barley proteins and their changes during the malting process were investigated as well. A special attention was paid to selected post-translational modifications of proteins, namely glycosylations. Non-enzymatically glycosylated barley proteins (or glycated proteins) are formed during the malting process considering the large amount of glucose released from the starch degradation, and influence the protein stability as well as the beer quality, especially foaming properties. Enzymatic N-glycosylation represents the most frequently studied post translational modification in plants because glycoproteins play a key role in various biological functions. Since glycoproteins are often present in a small amount, their enrichment from a complex mixture is required for their analysis. Lectin concanavalin A affinity chromatography was used for barley glycoproteins investigation. Moreover, the analysis of the carbohydrate part of glycoproteins was optimized. This doctoral thesis brings important information about barley proteins, their modifications and analysis that are useful for further studies.
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Charakterizace proteomu Rhodosporidium toruloides pomocí LC-MS/MS
Bruštík, David ; Szotkowski, Martin (oponent) ; Zdráhal, Zbyněk (vedoucí práce)
Charakterizace rozdílně regulovaných proteinů je zásadní pro identifikaci metabolických drah a jejich pochopení v souvislosti s tvorbou významných produktů vybraného kmene kvasinek. Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na analýzu proteomu kvasinek Rhodosporidium toruloides kultivovaných za různých podmínek. V teoretické části je popsán metabolismus zmíněných kvasinek s charakteristikou významných metabolitů. Další část rešerše je zaměřena na proteomické přístupy a bottom-up proteomiku od přípravy vzorku až po stanovení hmotnostní spektrometrií. Experimentální část se zabývá kultivací kvasinek při různých C/N poměrech, dále izolací a stanovením proteinů využitím metody FASP zahrnující proteolytické štěpení trypsinem, LC-MS/MS analýzou a databázovým vyhledáváním.
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Proteomic analysis of posttranslation modifications in breast cancer cell line profiles
Predná, Nikola ; Laštovičková,, Markéta (oponent) ; Strouhalová,, Dana (vedoucí práce)
Estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as HER2 protein, are currently the most clinically useful metabolic markers in breast cancer. These markers allow for the determination of the type of tumor and its best treatment options. However, one of the most aggressive types of this disease, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacks these clinically established biomarkers. This means that hormone therapy or targeted drugs are not an option, leaving fewer treatment options to choose from. In order for new tailored drugs to be developed, the understanding of the molecular basis of the disease is crucial. Recently, many studies aim their search for biomarkers at the protein level using proteomics. Proteins, notably their post-translational modifications (PTM), are at the core of many cellular events and their uncovering may help in the understanding of breast cancer mechanisms.In order to discover the molecular features of TNBC, this study aims to compare proteomic data of untreated cancer cell lines with cells that underwent retinoid therapy. The focus will be on the PTMs, notably glycosylation and phosphorylation, of Vimentin and CD44, which were proposed as potential TNBC biomarkers in previous studies. Protein separation will be carried out using 1D and 2D gel electrophoresis or by SEC-HPLC. The samples will also be subdued to enzymatic cleavage before being identified using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. In the case of phosphoprotein selective capture, enrichment will be performed by affinity chromatography using TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment tips (TopTip). Glycosylated proteins will be enriched using WGA lectin affinity based chromatography. Proteins with significant differences in PTMs between the treated and untreated cells will be evaluated using protein databases (MASCOT, STRING, and more). The data acquired from the study will eventually be used to propose potential biomarkers for TNBC.
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Vývoj workflow pro kontrolu kvality hmotnostně-spektrometrických dat v prostředí KNIME
Schneiderová, Anna ; Zezula, Nikodém (oponent) ; Potěšil,, David (vedoucí práce)
Proteomický experiment s využitím kapalinové chromatografie a hmotnostní spektrometrie je velmi komplexní technika s celou řadou proměnných, které mohou ovlivnit kvalitu výstupních dat. Průběžná kontrola kvality výstupních dat a stavu používané instrumentace je proto klíčová pro získání kvalitních dat. Pro systematickou a automatizovanou kontrolu kvality dat bylo navrženo workflow, které bylo následně implementováno v prostředí KNIME. Workflow umožňuje získat a zaznamenat vybrané metriky pro kontrolu kvality, které je možné využít ke sledování variability v datech a zachytit počínající technické problémy systému.
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Vývoj komponent pro zpracování a vizualizaci proteomických dat v prostředí KNIME
Schneiderová, Anna ; Tauš, Petr (oponent) ; Mgr. David Potěšil, Ph.D (vedoucí práce)
Proteomika je věda, která se zabývá studiem struktur a funkcí proteinů. Proces zpracování proteomickýh dat obsahuje několik sekvenčních kroků, od transformace dat a jejich normalizace až po statistické vyhodnocení dat. Nedílnou součástí zpracování proteomických dat je i jejich vizualizace, která je klíčová např. v kontrole kvality vstupních dat i zhodnocení výstupů statistického vyhodnocení. Ve Výzkumné skupině Zbyňka Zdráhala používají pro reprodukovatelné zpracování proteomických dat softwarový kontejner s aplikací KNIME. V rámci bakalářské práce byl proveden průzkum požadavků na vývoj nových komponent pro aplikaci KNIME. Z navržených komponent byl vybrán pro implementaci interaktivní Volcano plot. Pro implementaci byl použit programovací jazyk Python s knihovnou Dash. Vytvořenou aplikaci je možné spustit samostatně nebo jako komponentu v prostředí KNIME pro práci s daty v tomto prostředí. Interaktivní aplikace Volcano plot usnadňuje identifikaci a filtrování dat v grafu.
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Proteomic approach for the study of cancer cell line profiles.
Predná, Nikola ; Langová, Denisa (oponent) ; Strouhalová,, Dana (vedoucí práce)
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), known to be an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, has a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. As of now, chemotherapy is considered the main treatment option. In order for new effective drugs to be developed, it is crucial to understand the molecular basis of triple-negative breast cancer. As a result, a lot of research on potentially active agents for this particular type of breast cancer have been conducted. Recently, many studies on the matter are carried out using proteomics; a means of studying the proteomes of cancer cells. Cancer cells contain key differences in proteins that regulate the mechanisms of the cell. Eventually, mapping these mechanisms can allow to define the state of an organism. This thesis focuses on the proteomic study of TNBC cells and compares untreated cells with cells that have underwent retinoid therapy. Protein and peptide separation was successfully performed using 1D and 2D gel electrophoresis. In addition, the samples were subjected to enzymatic cleavage of selected proteins which were then identified using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS). Proteins playing a role in the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were then quantified and compared between the samples.
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Comparative Analysis of Silk Proteins and Discovery of Novel Sericin Gene in Lepidopteran Moths
WU, Bulah Chia-Hsiang
This thesis focuses on the silk components of the Mediterranean moth, Ephestia kuehniella, and the discovery of a novel silk gene, P150/ser6, in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We analyzed and described the cocoon silk components in both species. In the first publication, we combined transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to identify silk proteins in E. kuehniella. In the second publication, we described the discovery of gene P150/sericin6 in B. mori based on microsynteny analysis.
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